The traditional astronomical calendars of the 16 minority nationalities (including the Yi nationality), of whom the main regions where they live in compact communities or the cultural hearts are in Yunnan, out of the 26 minority nationalities of Yunnan Province are emphatically discussed in this book. The main body of the 16 minority nationalities has evolved from the long term and continuous mergence and break-up of the Di Qiang people who migrated to Yunnan from the North and the Yue Pu people who removed to Yunnan from the east of China with the original inhabitants, the Pu Man people forming the rich and varied national cultures. As for the astronomical calendars, the “phonological calendar,” solar calendar and lunisolar calendar have coexisted with one another for a long period of time and up to now, suiting the needs of their individual social economic developments on the whole.